https://helentronica.com/2025/09/19/25-mbps-discrete-logic-transceiver-tx-prototype-debugging/https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/manchester-20mhz-00000_cp.jpgmanchester 20mhz--00000_cphttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/image.pngimagehttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/nrz-and-manchester-00005.pngnrz and manchester--00005https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/image.pngimagehttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/nrz-and-manchester-00000.pngnrz and manchester--00000https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/clk-and-data-00000.pngclk and data--000002025-09-19T09:07:06+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.com/2025/08/21/25-mbps-discrete-logic-transceiver-building-a-25-mhz-pll-with-74hc4046/https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/image-4.pngimagehttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/jitter-4046-00000.pngjitter 4046--00000https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/jitter-agilent-00002.pngjitter agilent--00002https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/jitter-4046-00001.pngjitter 4046--00001https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/jitter-agilent-00001.pngjitter agilent--00001https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/jitter-4046-00002.pngjitter 4046--00002https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/jitter-agilent-00000.pngjitter agilent--00000https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/jitter-00004.pngjitter--00004https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/jitter-00005.pngjitter--00005https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/jitter-00007.pngjitter--000072025-08-21T20:50:05+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.com/2025/05/27/25-mbps-discrete-logic-transceiver-for-learning-purposes/https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/image-9.pngimagehttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/image-8.pngimagehttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/image-7.pngimagehttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/image-6.pngimagehttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/pre-emph-fail-00006.pngpre emph fail--00006https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/spectrum-00000.pngspectrum--00000https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/whatsapp-image-2025-07-16-at-10.59.16-1.jpegWhatsApp Image 2025-07-16 at 10.59.16 (1)https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/image-5.pngimagehttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/image-4.pngimagehttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/image-3.pngimage2025-07-16T13:13:58+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.com/2017/07/23/emc-come-and-see/https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/img_20170627_102733.jpgdavCu tape and line filter. The best friends of EMC engineer.https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/img_20170620_150906-e1500828517779.jpgdavL-profile steel plates covering EMI leaks. EMC is just like plumbering.https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/img_20170622_144733.jpgdavHome made gaskets from coax cable, attached to the housing using the Cu tape.https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/img_20170719_165907.jpgdavhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/vertical.pngverticalhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/re-sisas-nompb-noload-m-1-v.pngRE SISAS-NoMPB-NoLoad M-1 Vhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/re-schafil-noload-h.pngRE SchaFil-NoLoad-Hhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/nice.pngnicehttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/img_20170627_105427.jpgdavdavhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/img_20170509_135128.jpgdavdav2025-05-26T14:23:58+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.com/2021/01/22/touchgfx-on-a-custom-made-low-cost-board-with-the-ili9341-controller-over-spi/https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/sinus.jpgsinushttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/bw.jpgbwhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/touchgfx_logo.pngtouchgfx_logo2025-05-26T14:00:53+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.com/2019/01/18/a-year-in-review/https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/img_20180901_112318_1.jpgbtyHacky Raceshttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/img_20180901_113652.jpgbtyBlacksmith workshophttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/img_20180901_123005.jpgbtyA huge hexapode running over the fieldshttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/img_20181116_135507-e1547766847421.jpgbtyNo cool high tech photos, have these lovely sleeping Chinese dealers insteadhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/img_4765.jpgimg_4765https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/img_20180714_015345-e1547670590163.jpgbtybtyhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/img_2445-1.jpgimg_2445https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/img_20180901_183640-1.jpgbtyEMF Camp by day ...https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/img_20180829_002711.jpgbtybtyhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/img_20180902_002913.jpgbty... and by night2019-01-18T00:38:02+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.com/2017/12/10/building-a-circulator-from-ceramics/https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/img_7263-e1512931871922.jpgIMG_7263https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/4_3_ref.png4_3_refhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/4_3.png4_3https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/3_3.png3_3https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/3_2.png3_2https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/img_7262.jpgIMG_7262https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/p2181487-e1512929705596.jpgOLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERAFinal shape of a succesfully sintered circulator with port attachments visible.https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/finalstack-e1512929422431.jpgfinalstackhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/image_150319_004_ovl.jpgimage_150319_004_ovlA view of the delaminated parts under the microscope.https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/p2181488-e1512928530293.jpgOLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERAOLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA2020-07-20T06:13:10+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.com/2016/12/23/playing-with-a-signal-demodulator/https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/fsq_front1.jpgFSQ_front[1]https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/img_20161219_122831.jpgdavdavhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/img_20161216_165540_1.jpgdavdavhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/img_20161216_165414.jpgdavdavhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/img_20161216_165407.jpgdavdav2017-10-02T14:21:32+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.com/2017/10/02/playing-with-an-lmg670-power-analyzer/https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/lmg670_1_zes_orbitslider.jpglmg670_1_zes_orbitsliderhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/untitled.pngUntitledhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/img_20170714_134912-e1500903064376.jpgdavdavhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/screenshot_2017-7-17_14-16-37_generic.pngscreenshot_2017-7-17_14-16-37_Generichttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/screenshot_2017-7-17_14-15-16_generic.pngscreenshot_2017-7-17_14-15-16_Generichttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/screenshot_2017-7-17_14-14-12_generic.pngscreenshot_2017-7-17_14-14-12_Generichttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/screenshot_2017-7-17_14-12-40_generic.pngscreenshot_2017-7-17_14-12-40_Generichttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/screenshot_2017-7-14_15-20-42_generic.pngscreenshot_2017-7-14_15-20-42_Generichttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/screenshot_2017-7-14_15-20-08_harmonics2.pngscreenshot_2017-7-14_15-20-08_Harmonics2https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/screenshot_2017-7-14_14-56-17_generic.pngscreenshot_2017-7-14_14-56-17_Generic2017-10-02T13:52:39+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.com/2017/05/03/advanced-pcb-layout-course-by-fedevel-academy/https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/l3.pngL3https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/l2.pngL2https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/spredshit-e1493739976141.pngspredshitAn example of spreadsheet for precise length matching of the CLK signall accros multiple layers.https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/addrmatched.pngaddrmatchedhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/diffpair.pngdiffpairLength matched differential pair. One pin is somewhat further from the edge of the CPU the other. Use interactive length tuning of the Altium to tweak them to the equal length. One single bulge is used here.https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/memory_addr_fanout.pngmemory_addr_fanoutFanout of CPU (left) and DDR (right) interfaces. See those two rows of TH vias in the middle of each DDR chip? Those are address nets shared among chips on top and bottom.https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/memory_addr_layout.pngmemory_addr_layouthttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/memory_data_layout.pngmemory_data_layoutSwapping in action with two 8-bit memory banks. Now it's way easier to route those those traces. Just keep in mind, some signals like DQM and DQS can not be swapped.https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/stackup.pngstackuphttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/capdick.pngcapdick2017-05-04T08:37:11+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.com/2016/11/08/building-an-arm-based-microcomputer/https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/img_20161104_234327.jpgimg_20161104_234327Finalized board. Beauty, isn't it?https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/img_20161104_234111.jpgimg_20161104_234111Re-flow oven did its magic and soldering went on neatly! All of the solder joints were shining and convex as they were supposed to be and the surface tension of the paste aligned components perfectly to their footprints.https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/img_20161104_231906.jpgdavComponent placement detail. When placing a BGAs, you don't have much to rely upon but the component frame drawn on the silkscreen. And if you make an error of more than 0.4 mm than you can offset a whole component by one row thus ruining your day. If you're not sure in your hands precision, take the component with a tweezers, close your eyes before you drop it and hope for the best.https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/img_20161104_181116.jpgdavPositioning stencil on the pcb is actually fun to do on the bottom side where are no BGA footprints.https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/screenshot-2016-11-06-15-28-42.pngscreenshot-2016-11-06-15-28-42https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/mrs2.jpgmrshttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/img_20161104_193225.jpgdav.., and on top sidehttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/img_20161104_181520.jpgdavPaste applied on bottom side https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/mrs.jpgmrshttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/img_20161104_234036_1.jpgdavdav2019-07-17T23:14:15+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.com/2016/08/22/remember-memories/https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/flash-memory-drive-v2-0-123340.jpgflash-memory-drive-v2-0-123340https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/aaeaaqaaaaaaaaejaaaajgjhztvizmu0lwrhyjutngzhns1iytfhlthhmdq4yzm0yzzmyw.jpgaaeaaqaaaaaaaaejaaaajgjhztvizmu0lwrhyjutngzhns1iytfhlthhmdq4yzm0yzzmywhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/kako-izgleda-memorijska-kartica-memory-stick-micro-za-sony-ericsson.jpgkako-izgleda-memorijska-kartica-memory-stick-micro-za-sony-ericssonhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/computer-memory.jpgcomputer-memoryhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/220px-sram_cell_286_transistors29-svg.png220px-sram_cell_286_transistors29-svgSRAM building blockhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/dram_cell_structure_28model_of_single_circuit_cell29.pngdram_cell_structure_28model_of_single_circuit_cell29DRAM building blockhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/ram_memory_chip-t2.jpgram_memory_chip-t2https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/st_microelectronics_m27c256b_28200629.jpgst_microelectronics_m27c256b_28200629Window into the heart of UV-EEPROM2016-09-08T14:47:14+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.com/2016/05/04/pid-controller-for-a-diy-reflow-solder-oven/https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/img_20160907_100905.jpgdavSecond reflow round - add TQFP IChttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/img_20160906_231235_2.jpgdavdavhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/img_20160906_231235.jpgdavFirst reflow round - no complex packaged ICs (I just wanted to see if it's gonna work)https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/img_20160906_225415_2.jpgdavPuting some solder pastehttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/img_20160906_225415.jpgdavPlacing componentshttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/img_20160906_212851.jpgdavPuting a solder paste using the stencilhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/img_20160906_212841.jpgdavdavhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/img_20160906_190339.jpgdavdavhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/img_20160906_190304.jpgdavdavhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/img_20160906_190224_2.jpgdavA bit more solder paste2016-09-08T09:37:34+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.com/contact/2016-06-27T21:01:47+00:00weekly0.6https://helentronica.com/about/publications/2016-06-27T15:55:57+00:00weekly0.6https://helentronica.com/2016/01/11/magic-mirror-with-motion-detector/https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/dsc_03401-e1452634267466.jpgDSC_0340https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/img-20160110-wa0002-e1452463434704.jpgIMG-20160110-WA0002Monitor sitting on the frame of the mirror before the glass was glued across ithttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/dsc_0318-e1452463616230.jpgDSC_0318Monitor sitting on the frame of the mirror before the glass was glued across ithttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/dsc_0321.jpgDSC_0321Front side of my mirror with motivational message and hottest newshttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/dsc_0304.jpgDSC_0304Back side of my mirror with the PIR sensor nested above the Pi aiming through the glasshttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/dsc_0317.jpgDSC_0317https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/irmodule_11.jpgirmodule_1[1]HC-SR501 PIR motion detector I usedhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/dsc_0332-e1452460087305.jpgDSC_0332Ferrite bead from USB cable absorbing all of WiFi interference2019-07-03T01:04:11+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.com/2015/03/16/arduino-based-voice-commanded-android-phone-navigated-bluetooth-controlled-robot-car/https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/sc20150316-150802.pngSC20150316-150802Quite user-friendly interface of the AMR_voice app.https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/sch.pngschSchematcs of the robor car control boardhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/20150316_094732.jpg20150316_094732https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/20150316_094551.jpg20150316_094551Bluetooth module is the one that stands vertically, with fancy SMD components and red light. When the LED stops blinking it means he wants to talk to you.https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/20150316_094532.jpg20150316_094532Robot car with the e-bay skeleton and control board. Atmega168 is the big one on the right, L293D is the one on the bottom and HC-06 is the one that blinks..2016-06-20T13:26:10+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.com/2016/06/14/1-ghz-bandpass-filter-with-distributed-elements/https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/250px-constant-k_bandpass_lc_l-section-svg.png250px-Constant-k_Bandpass_LC_L-section.svghttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/img_0031.jpgIMG_0031Filter as a part of the 1 GHz detector circuit. Yes, OSH park made the board ;)https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/tangent_7011.gifTangent_701[1]Tangent function, in all its discontinuation glory. https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/s-params-sim.jpgS params simS-parameters exposing simulated behavior of the filter. https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/geometry2d.jpggeometry2DTop view on geometry of my filter. Big fat rectangle is short stub with the tiny via on the top. U-shaped is the TX line.https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/geometry.jpggeometry3D view of the filter geometry. Sonnet Lite is limited not only in memory resources but also in aesthetics.https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/s_params-e1465944430113.jpgs_paramsMeasured S-parameters, reveling a monster I have made.2022-11-26T04:00:04+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.com/blog/2016-06-15T11:26:04+00:00weekly0.6https://helentronica.com/about/2016-06-15T11:19:19+00:00weekly0.6https://helentronica.com/2015/07/23/getting-started-with-atmega8u2-and-other-avr-usb-microcontrollers/https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/usbsch.pngusbschSimple ATmega8u2 USB circuit: it has an USB connector, μC itself, some components that μC needs and voltage regulator. You burn the bootloader via ISP connector and program via USB.https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/banner_avr1.jpgbanner_avr[1]https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/flip.pngflip..which you can program via Atmel's official tool called FLIP.https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/dos_cdc.pngdos_cdc...that you can easily program with standard tools like avrdudehttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/dfu.pngdfuOnce you burn the DFU bootloader on your AVR chip, the PC will recognize it as a Atmel USB device...https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/cdc.pngcdcWindow beautifully recognizing CDC bootloader AVR as a COM port...2016-10-26T16:55:38+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.com/2014/12/02/programming-atmega-%ce%bcc-with-arduino-troubleshooting/https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/ardunoasisp.pngardunoasISPArduino as ISP pcbhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/20141202_103721.jpgArduino and his fellow AVR Atmega168Arduino as a AVR Atmega168 programmerhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/20141110_152346.jpgPontoppidan's capmeter on the protoboard along with Arduino that programs it.2015-07-23T15:08:42+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.com/2015/05/05/analyzing-cheap-oven-for-the-diy-reflow-soldering-oven-part-ii/https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/40dc.jpg40%DChttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/30dc.jpg30%DChttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/20dc.jpg20%DChttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/no_pcb.jpgno_pcbTemperature goes crazy!https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/20150505_142101.jpg20150505_142101Work station for oven testing. https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/relay_switch.jpgrelay_switchTransistor switch for the relay drivehttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/closed-loop.jpgclosed loopMost typical closed loop schematics2015-05-05T13:35:07+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.com/2015/05/04/analyzing-cheap-oven-for-the-diy-reflow-soldering-oven/https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/with_insulation.jpgwith_insulationTemperature rise with wool isolationhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/no_insulation.jpgno_insulationTemperature in the middle of the ovenhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/oven-schematics.jpgoven schematicsSimplifer schematics of the toaster ovenhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/20150413_1129321.jpg20150413_112932If the heater is muscle, then this are the brains of the toasterhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/20150504_172116.jpg20150504_172116Toaster oven that will do all the hard work in my reflow machine. Wire on the side are for testing and sponge inside is actually a glass-wool isolation. https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/20150414_151208.jpg20150414_151208Warming up the heaters. It may look like the Satan's hemorrhoid but it's acctually just toaster oven with some glass wool.2015-05-05T11:56:38+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.com/2014/06/07/say-your-arduino-how-much-you-love-it/https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/arduino_at_heart1.pngArduino_at_Heart[1]https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/wiring-diagram.jpgMaking BFFs of Arduino and HC-06https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/bt-module-hc-06.jpgBT Module HC-062015-03-16T14:27:44+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.com/2015/02/04/chuas-circuit-chaos-in-its-most-simple-form/https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/20150120_145419.jpg20150120_145419Double scroll attractorhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/20150122_130812.jpg20150122_130812Oscillations that never repeathttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/20150120_153523.jpg20150120_153523Chuas circuit in actionhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/comp.pngcompComponent placementhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/sch-e1423066951194.pngschChua's circuit schematichttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/ind-sim.pngind simSimulation of the gyrator which behaves like an inductorhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/induc-e1423067195296.pnginducGyrator made as an inductor. I didn't bother to get the exact mathematical expression, so I just run it through the LTspice. It really behaves like an ordinary inductor: the impedance rises with frequency, and the phase is 90°. It even has a self resonance at few tens kHz!https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/neg_res.pngneg_resNegative resistor and two negative resistors in parallel. Chua diode is the one on the right.https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/analog_double_scroll_attractor1.jpganalog_double_scroll_attractor[1]Chaos pattern on the oscilloscope, also called double scroll or double attractor.https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/761px-chua_diode_characteristic_curve-svg1.png761px-Chua_diode_characteristic_curve.svg[1]Chua's diode transfer function2017-01-15T22:08:53+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.com/2014/12/28/qm-with-python-swing-on-the-quantum-harmonic-oscillator/https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/vxho.pngV(x)HOApproximation of any ugly potential function as a pretty parabolic HO potential with a puppy.https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/ho1.pngHOProbability density of particle with high quantum number, in e. puppy in the swinghttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/first_4_states_ho.pngfirst_4_states_HOWave functions for 4 lowest states of quantum harmonic oscillator. Here you see where is the most probable to find a particle with a specific energy.https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/allowede_ho.pngallowedE_HOAllowed energies for the quantum harmonic oscillator (only lowest 4)https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/bull-dog-in-a-swing1.jpgbull-dog-in-a-swingA completely simple everyday example of harmonic motion on a pendulum2022-04-26T15:02:53+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.com/2014/09/04/quantum-mechanics-with-the-python/https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/all_states.pngall_statesAll allowed stateshttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/symmetrical_states.pngsymmetrical_statesAllowed symmetrical stateshttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/symmetrical_e.pngAllowed energies for the symmetrical statesAllowed energies for the symmetrical stateshttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/antisymmetrical_states.pngantisymmetrical_statesAllowed antisymmetrical stateshttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/antisymmetrical_e.pngantisymmetrical_EAllowed energies for the antisymmetrical stateshttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/allowede.pngAllowed energies for which $latex \psi(b)$ convergeshttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/schrodinger1.pngschrodinger[1]https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/325px-finite_potential_well_symmetric-svg1.png325px-Finite_Potential_Well_Symmetric.svg[1]2020-07-08T23:00:50+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.com/2014/07/15/working-in-the-nanotechnology-lab/https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/wire-bond.jpgwire bondSuper small wires connecting our little die to the package holderhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/etch-vs-liftoff.jpgetch vs liftoffStill not sure in difference between etching and lift-off? Here's the image for help!https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/resist_depo.jpgresist_depoHow does it look like when applying a photo resist?https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/contact_mask_030714_125606_00001.jpgcontact_mask_030714_125606_00001Aluminium leads covering the sensor contactshttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/metallization.jpgmetallizationhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/etching.jpgetchingHow to make your structure in any shape you can imagine: photolitography and etching process.https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/resist.jpgresistAnd this is how the developed resist looks like under the retro microscope from 90'shttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/laser.jpglaserHigh precision laser https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/stack.jpgSV StackTypical thin film stack of the spin-valve magetorestor.https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/wafer_2_zoll_bis_8_zoll_21.jpgWaferi2-inch (51 mm), 4-inch (100 mm), 6-inch (150 mm), and 8-inch (200 mm) wafers with completed dies (image from Wikipedia)2018-11-12T03:48:31+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.com/2014/05/20/gps-module-python-google-maps-all-in-one/https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/p5201124.jpgOLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERAFT232 and EM-406 4ever 2gether !https://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/p5201114.jpgOLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERAMy derivation of FT232 circuit boardhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/schematics-page-001.jpgSchematics-FT232Schematics of FT232 circuit boardhttps://helentronica.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/em406.jpgEM406EM-406A GPS Module, NMEA compatible, fresh from e-bay2017-05-16T16:37:53+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.com/2014/03/18/this-is-going-t-2/2016-11-11T11:34:49+00:00monthlyhttps://helentronica.comdaily1.02025-09-19T09:07:06+00:00